string

原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/archive/2011/11/25/2263722.html

字符

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>>> import string

>>> string.ascii_letters

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.ascii_lowercase

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.ascii_uppercase

'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.digits

'0123456789'

>>> string.hexdigits

'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'

>>> string.letters

'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.lowercase

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.uppercase

'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.octdigits

'01234567'

>>> string.punctuation

'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'

>>> string.printable

'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'

>>> string.whitespace

'\t\n\x0b\x0c\r

方法

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>>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')
'a, b, c'
>>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') # 2.7+ only
'a, b, c'
>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')
'c, b, a'
>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc') # unpacking argument sequence
'c, b, a'
>>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad') # arguments' indices can be repeated
'abracadabra'

>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')
'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'
>>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}
>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)
'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'

>>> c = 3-5j
>>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} '
... 'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c)
'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.'
>>> class Point(object):
... def __init__(self, x, y):
... self.x, self.y = x, y
... def __str__(self):
... return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self)
...
>>> str(Point(4, 2))
'Point(4, 2)

>>> coord = (3, 5)
>>> 'X: {0[0]}; Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord)
'X: 3; Y: 5'

>>> "repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}".format('test1', 'test2')
"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2"

>>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')
'left aligned '
>>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')
' right aligned'
>>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')
' centered '
>>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered') # use '*' as a fill char
'***********centered***********'

>>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show it always
'+3.140000; -3.140000'
>>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show a space for positive numbers
' 3.140000; -3.140000'
>>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}'
'3.140000; -3.140000'

>>> # format also supports binary numbers
>>> "int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}".format(42)
'int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010'
>>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:
>>> "int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}".format(42)
'int: 42; hex: 0x2a; oct: 0o52; bin: 0b101010'

>>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)
'1,234,567,890'

>>> points = 19.5
>>> total = 22
>>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}.'.format(points/total)
'Correct answers: 88.64%'

>>> import datetime
>>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)
>>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)
'2010-07-04 12:15:58'

>>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):
... '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align)
...
'left<<<<<<<<<<<<'
'^^^^^center^^^^^'
'>>>>>>>>>>>right'
>>>
>>> octets = [192, 168, 0, 1]
>>> '{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*octets)
'C0A80001'
>>> int(_, 16)
3232235521
>>>
>>> width = 5
>>> for num in range(5,12):
... for base in 'dXob':
... print '{0:{width}{base}}'.format(num, base=base, width=width),
... print
...
5 5 5 101
6 6 6 110
7 7 7 111
8 8 10 1000
9 9 11 1001
10 A 12 1010
11 B 13 1011

>>> from string import Template
>>> s = Template('$who likes $what')
>>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')
'tim likes kung pao'
>>> d = dict(who='tim')
>>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 10
>>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
KeyError: 'what'
>>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)
'tim likes $what'

函数

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string.capitalize(word) 返回一个副本,首字母大写
>>> string.capitalize("hello")
'Hello'
>>> string.capitalize("hello world")
'Hello world'

>>> string.split("asdadada asdada")
['asdadada', 'asdada']

>>> string.strip(" adsd ")
'adsd'
>>> string.rstrip(" adsd ")
' adsd'
>>> string.lstrip(" adsd ")
'adsd '

string.swapcase(s) 小写变大写,大写变小写
>>> string.swapcase("Helloo")
'hELLOO'

>>> string.ljust("ww",20)
'ww '
>>> string.rjust('ww',20)
' ww'
>>> string.center('ww',20)
' ww '
string.zfill(s, width)
Pad a numeric string on the left with zero digits until the given width is reached. Strings starting with a sign are handled correctly.
>>> string.zfill('ww',20)
'000000000000000000ww'
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